183 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
183 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Getting Started
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author:
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name: Cotes Chung
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link: https://github.com/cotes2020
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date: 2019-08-09 20:55:00 +0800
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categories: [Blogging, Tutorial]
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tags: [getting started]
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pin: true
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---
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## Prerequisites
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Follow the instructions in the [Jekyll Docs](https://jekyllrb.com/docs/installation/) to complete the installation of `Ruby`, `RubyGems`, `Jekyll`, and `Bundler`. In addition, [Git](https://git-scm.com/) is also required to be installed.
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## Installation
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### Creating a New Site
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There are two ways to create a new repository for this theme:
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- [**Using the Chirpy Starter**](#option-1-using-the-chirpy-starter) - Easy to upgrade, isolates irrelevant project files so you can focus on writing.
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- [**Forking on GitHub**](#option-2-forking-on-github) - Convenient for custom development, but difficult to upgrade. Unless you are familiar with Jekyll and are determined to tweak or contribute to this project, this approach is not recommended.
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#### Option 1. Using the Chirpy Starter
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Create a new repository from the [**Chirpy Starter**][use-starter] and name it `<GH_USERNAME>.github.io`, where `GH_USERNAME` represents your GitHub username.
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#### Option 2. Forking on GitHub
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[Fork **Chirpy**](https://github.com/cotes2020/jekyll-theme-chirpy/fork) on GitHub and rename it to `<GH_USERNAME>.github.io`. Please note that the default branch code is in development. If you want the site to be stable, please switch to the [latest tag][latest-tag] and start writing.
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And then execute:
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```console
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$ bash tools/init.sh
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```
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> If you don't want to deploy your site on GitHub Pages, append option `--no-gh` at the end of the above command.
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{: .prompt-note }
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The above command will:
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1. Removes some files or directories from your repository:
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- `.travis.yml`{: .filepath}
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- files under `_posts`{: .filepath}
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- folder `docs`{: .filepath}
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2. If the option `--no-gh` is provided, the directory `.github`{: .filepath} will be deleted. Otherwise, set up the GitHub Action workflow by removing the extension `.hook`{: .filepath} of `.github/workflows/pages-deploy.yml.hook`{: .filepath}, and then remove the other files and directories in the folder `.github`{: .filepath}.
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3. Removes item `Gemfile.lock` from `.gitignore`{: .filepath}.
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4. Creates a new commit to save the changes automatically.
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### Installing Dependencies
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Before running for the first time, go to the root directory of your site, and install dependencies as follows:
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```console
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$ bundle
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```
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## Usage
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### Configuration
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Update the variables of `_config.yml`{: .filepath} as needed. Some of them are typical options:
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- `url`
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- `avatar`
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- `timezone`
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- `lang`
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### Customing Stylesheet
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If you need to customize the stylesheet, copy the theme's `assets/css/style.scss`{: .filepath} to the same path on your Jekyll site, and then add the custom style at the end of the style file.
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Starting from [`v4.1.0`][chirpy-4.1.0], if you want to overwrite the SASS variables defined in `_sass/addon/variables.scss`{: .filepath}, create a new file `_sass/variables-hook.scss`{: .filepath} and assign new values to the target variable in it.
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### Running Local Server
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You may want to preview the site contents before publishing, so just run it by:
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```console
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$ bundle exec jekyll s
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```
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Or run the site on Docker with the following command:
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```console
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$ docker run -it --rm \
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--volume="$PWD:/srv/jekyll" \
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-p 4000:4000 jekyll/jekyll \
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jekyll serve
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```
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After a while, the local service will be published at _<http://127.0.0.1:4000>_.
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## Deployment
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Before the deployment begins, check out the file `_config.yml`{: .filepath} and make sure the `url` is configured correctly. Furthermore, if you prefer the [**project site**](https://help.github.com/en/github/working-with-github-pages/about-github-pages#types-of-github-pages-sites) and don't use a custom domain, or you want to visit your website with a base URL on a web server other than **GitHub Pages**, remember to change the `baseurl` to your project name that starts with a slash, e.g, `/project-name`.
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Now you can choose ONE of the following methods to deploy your Jekyll site.
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### Deploy by Using Github Actions
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For security reasons, GitHub Pages build runs on `safe` mode, which restricts us from using plugins to generate additional page files. Therefore, we can use **GitHub Actions** to build the site, store the built site files on a new branch, and use that branch as the source of the GitHub Pages service.
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Quickly check the files needed for GitHub Actions build:
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- Ensure your Jekyll site has the file `.github/workflows/pages-deploy.yml`{: .filepath}. Otherwise, create a new one and fill in the contents of the [sample file][workflow], and the value of the `on.push.branches` should be the same as your repo's default branch name.
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- Ensure your Jekyll site has file `tools/deploy.sh`{: .filepath}. Otherwise, copy it from here to your Jekyll site.
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- Furthermore, if you have committed `Gemfile.lock`{: .filepath} to the repo, and your runtime system is not Linux, don't forget to update the platform list in the lock file:
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```console
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$ bundle lock --add-platform x86_64-linux
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```
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After the above steps, rename your repository to `<GH_USERNAME>.github.io` on GitHub.
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Now publish your Jekyll site by:
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1. Push any commit to remote to trigger the GitHub Actions workflow. Once the build is complete and successful, a new remote branch named `gh-pages` will appear to store the built site files.
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2. Browse to your repository on GitHub. Select the tab _Settings_, then click _Pages_ in the left navigation bar, and then in the section **Source** of _GitHub Pages_, select the `/(root)` directory of branch `gh-pages` as the [publishing source][pages-src]. Remember to click <kbd>Save</kbd> before leaving.
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{: width="1580" height="250" }
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3. Visit your website at the address indicated by GitHub.
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### Manually Build and Deploy
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On self-hosted servers, you cannot enjoy the convenience of **GitHub Actions**. Therefore, you should build the site on your local machine and then upload the site files to the server.
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Go to the root of the source project, and build your site as follows:
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```console
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$ JEKYLL_ENV=production bundle exec jekyll b
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```
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Or build the site on Docker:
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```console
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$ docker run -it --rm \
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--env JEKYLL_ENV=production \
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--volume="$PWD:/srv/jekyll" \
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jekyll/jekyll \
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jekyll build
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```
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Unless you specified the output path, the generated site files will be placed in folder `_site`{: .filepath} of the project's root directory. Now you should upload those files to the target server.
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## Upgrading
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It depends on how you use the theme:
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- If you are using the theme gem (there will be `gem "jekyll-theme-chirpy"` in the `Gemfile`{: .filepath}), editing the `Gemfile`{: .filepath} and update the version number of the theme gem, for example:
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```diff
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- gem "jekyll-theme-chirpy", "~> 3.2", ">= 3.2.1"
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+ gem "jekyll-theme-chirpy", "~> 3.3", ">= 3.3.0"
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```
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{: .nolineno file="Gemfile" }
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And then execute the following command:
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```console
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$ bundle update jekyll-theme-chirpy
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```
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As the version upgrades, the critical files (for details, see the [Startup Template][starter]) and configuration options will change. Please refer to the [Upgrade Guide](https://github.com/cotes2020/jekyll-theme-chirpy/wiki/Upgrade-Guide) to keep your repo's files in sync with the latest version of the theme.
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- If you forked from the source project (there will be `gemspec` in the `Gemfile`{: .filepath} of your site), then merge the [latest upstream tags][latest-tag] into your Jekyll site to complete the upgrade.
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The merge is likely to conflict with your local modifications. Please be patient and careful to resolve these conflicts.
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[starter]: https://github.com/cotes2020/chirpy-starter
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[use-starter]: https://github.com/cotes2020/chirpy-starter/generate
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[workflow]: https://github.com/cotes2020/jekyll-theme-chirpy/blob/master/.github/workflows/pages-deploy.yml.hook
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[chirpy-4.1.0]: https://github.com/cotes2020/jekyll-theme-chirpy/releases/tag/v4.1.0
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[pages-src]: https://docs.github.com/en/github/working-with-github-pages/configuring-a-publishing-source-for-your-github-pages-site
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[latest-tag]: https://github.com/cotes2020/jekyll-theme-chirpy/tags
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